Chinese- REPORT SUMMARY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
Fruit juice packaging provides product support, protection from external environmental factors, and tampering resistance. Fruit juice packaging aids in the reliable distribution of the product among the value chain and reduces post-production damage. Glass, plastic, and carton are commonly used packaging formats for fruit juices.
The carton packaging segment led the market and accounted for more than 54% of the market share in terms of revenue. Factors such as the increasing use of eco-friendly packaging material will aid in the growth of this market segment in the coming years. In terms of geography, EMEA dominated the global fruit juice packaging market. The increasing consumption of fruit juice and stringent environment laws in countries like Germany, France, and the UK will aid the growth of this market in this region.
This report offers an overview of the market trends, drivers, and barriers with respect to the USA Fruit Juice Packaging market. It also provides a detailed overview of the market of different regions across West USA, South USA, Middle West USA, Northeast USA. The report deeply analyzes type and application in the USA Fruit Juice Packaging market. Detailed analysis of key players, along with key growth strategies adopted by Fruit Juice Packaging industry, the PEST and SWOT analysis are also included. In short, the report will provide a comprehensive view of the industry's development and features.
By Player:
Ball
Amcor
Can-Pack
Stora Enso
Ardagh Group
Owens-Illinois
CCL Industries
Plastipak Packaging
Smurfit Kappa
CKS Packaging
International Paper
Mondi Group
Bemis
DS Smith
Printpack
Genpak
Tetra Laval
MeadWestvaco
Sonoco Products
Crown Holdings
Evergreen Packaging
Silgan Holdings
By Type:
Carton Packaging
Plastic Packaging
Glass Packaging
Other
By End-User:
Juice Processing Enterprises
Bars and Clubs
Other
By Region:
-
West USA
-
South USA
-
Middle West USA
-
Northeast USA
TABLE OF CONTENT
1 Report Overview
-
1.1 Product Definition and Scope
-
1.2 PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis of Fruit Juice Packaging Market
-
1.3 Market Segment by Type
-
1.3.1 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Carton Packaging from 2016 to 2027
-
1.3.2 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Plastic Packaging from 2016 to 2027
-
1.3.3 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Glass Packaging from 2016 to 2027
-
1.3.4 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Other from 2016 to 2027
-
1.4 Market Segment by Application
-
1.4.1 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Juice Processing Enterprises from 2016 to 2027
-
1.4.2 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Bars and Clubs from 2016 to 2027
-
1.4.3 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Other from 2016 to 2027
-
1.5 Market Segment by Regions
-
1.5.1 West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2016 to 2027
-
1.5.2 South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2016 to 2027
-
1.5.3 Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2016 to 2027
-
1.5.4 Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2016 to 2027
2 Market Trends and Competitive Landscape
-
2.1 Market Trends and Dynamics
-
2.1.1 Market Challenges and Restraints
-
2.1.2 Market Opportunities and Potentials
-
2.1.3 Mergers and Acquisitions
-
2.2 Competitive Landscape Analysis
-
2.2.1 Industrial Concentration Analysis
-
2.2.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis of the Industry
-
2.2.3 SWOT Analysis for New Entrants
-
2.3 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Distribution and its Impact on the Industry
3 Segmentation of Fruit Juice Packaging Market by Types
-
3.1 Products Development Trends of Different Types
-
3.2 Products Types of Major Vendors
-
3.3 Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different Types
-
3.4 Market Size of Fruit Juice Packaging by Major Types
-
3.4.1 Market Size and Growth Rate of Carton Packaging
-
3.4.2 Market Size and Growth Rate of Plastic Packaging
-
3.4.3 Market Size and Growth Rate of Glass Packaging
-
3.4.4 Market Size and Growth Rate of Other
4 Segmentation of Fruit Juice Packaging Market by End-Users
-
4.1 Downstream Client Analysis by End-Users
-
4.2 Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different End-Users
-
4.3 Market Potential Analysis of Different End-Users
-
4.4 Market Size of Fruit Juice Packaging by Major End-Users
-
4.4.1 Market Size and Growth Rate of Fruit Juice Packaging in Juice Processing Enterprises
-
4.4.2 Market Size and Growth Rate of Fruit Juice Packaging in Bars and Clubs
-
4.4.3 Market Size and Growth Rate of Fruit Juice Packaging in Other
5 Market Analysis by Regions
-
5.1 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Production Analysis by Regions
-
5.2 USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Analysis by Regions
-
5.3 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on USA Economy
6 West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis
-
6.1 West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
6.2 West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
7 South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis
-
7.1 South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
7.2 South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
8 Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis
-
8.1 Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
8.2 Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
9 Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis
-
9.1 Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
9.2 Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
10 Major Players Profiles
-
10.1 Ball
-
10.1.1 Ball Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.1.2 Market Performance
-
10.1.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.2 Amcor
-
10.2.1 Amcor Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.2.2 Market Performance
-
10.2.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.3 Can-Pack
-
10.3.1 Can-Pack Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.3.2 Market Performance
-
10.3.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.4 Stora Enso
-
10.4.1 Stora Enso Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.4.2 Market Performance
-
10.4.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.5 Ardagh Group
-
10.5.1 Ardagh Group Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.5.2 Market Performance
-
10.5.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.6 Owens-Illinois
-
10.6.1 Owens-Illinois Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.6.2 Market Performance
-
10.6.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.7 CCL Industries
-
10.7.1 CCL Industries Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.7.2 Market Performance
-
10.7.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.8 Plastipak Packaging
-
10.8.1 Plastipak Packaging Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.8.2 Market Performance
-
10.8.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.9 Smurfit Kappa
-
10.9.1 Smurfit Kappa Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.9.2 Market Performance
-
10.9.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.10 CKS Packaging
-
10.10.1 CKS Packaging Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.10.2 Market Performance
-
10.10.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.11 International Paper
-
10.11.1 International Paper Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.11.2 Market Performance
-
10.11.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.12 Mondi Group
-
10.12.1 Mondi Group Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.12.2 Market Performance
-
10.12.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.13 Bemis
-
10.13.1 Bemis Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.13.2 Market Performance
-
10.13.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.14 DS Smith
-
10.14.1 DS Smith Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.14.2 Market Performance
-
10.14.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.15 Printpack
-
10.15.1 Printpack Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.15.2 Market Performance
-
10.15.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.16 Genpak
-
10.16.1 Genpak Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.16.2 Market Performance
-
10.16.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.17 Tetra Laval
-
10.17.1 Tetra Laval Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.17.2 Market Performance
-
10.17.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.18 MeadWestvaco
-
10.18.1 MeadWestvaco Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.18.2 Market Performance
-
10.18.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.19 Sonoco Products
-
10.19.1 Sonoco Products Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.19.2 Market Performance
-
10.19.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.20 Crown Holdings
-
10.20.1 Crown Holdings Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.20.2 Market Performance
-
10.20.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.21 Evergreen Packaging
-
10.21.1 Evergreen Packaging Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.21.2 Market Performance
-
10.21.3 Product and Service Introduction
-
10.22 Silgan Holdings
-
10.22.1 Silgan Holdings Company Profile and Recent Development
-
10.22.2 Market Performance
-
10.22.3 Product and Service Introduction
The List of Tables and Figures
-
Figure Product Picture
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Carton Packaging from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Plastic Packaging from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Glass Packaging from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Other from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Market Share by Type in 2016
-
Figure Market Share by Type in 2020
-
Figure Market Share by Type in 2027
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Juice Processing Enterprises from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Bars and Clubs from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Market Size and Growth Rate of Other from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Market Share by End-User in 2016
-
Figure Market Share by End-User in 2020
-
Figure Market Share by End-User in 2027
-
Figure West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Development Trends and Industry Dynamics of Fruit Juice Packaging Industry
-
Figure Market Challenges and Restraints
-
Figure Market Opportunities and Potentials
-
Table Mergers and Acquisition
-
Figure Market Share of TOP 3 Players in 2019
-
Figure Market Share of TOP 5 Players in 2019
-
Figure Market Share of TOP 6 Players from 2016 to 2020
-
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
-
Figure New Entrant SWOT Analysis
-
Figure Coronavirus (COVID-19) Distribution Map of USA
-
Table Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on the Industry
-
Figure Specifications of Different Types of Fruit Juice Packaging
-
Figure Development Trends of Different Types
-
Table Products Types of Major Vendors
-
Figure Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different Types
-
Table Consumption of Fruit Juice Packaging by Different Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Table Consumption Share of Fruit Juice Packaging by Different Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Carton Packaging
-
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Plastic Packaging
-
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Glass Packaging
-
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Other
-
Table Downstream Client Analysis by End-Users
-
Figure Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different End-Users
-
Table Market Potential Analysis of Different End-Users
-
Figure Consumption of Fruit Juice Packaging by Different End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Table Consumption Share of Fruit Juice Packaging by Different End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Juice Processing Enterprises
-
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Bars and Clubs
-
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Other
-
Table USA Fruit Juice Packaging Production by Regions
-
Table USA Fruit Juice Packaging Production Share by Regions
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Production Share by Regions in 2016
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Production Share by Regions in 2021
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Production Share by Regions in 2027
-
Table USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by Regions
-
Table USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Regions
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Regions in 2016
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Regions in 2021
-
Figure USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Regions in 2027
-
Table West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Table West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2016
-
Figure West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2021
-
Figure West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2027
-
Table West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Table West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2016
-
Figure West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2021
-
Figure West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2027
-
Table South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Table South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2016
-
Figure South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2021
-
Figure South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2027
-
Table South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Table South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2016
-
Figure South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2021
-
Figure South USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2027
-
Table Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Table Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2016
-
Figure Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2021
-
Figure Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2027
-
Table Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Table Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2016
-
Figure Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2021
-
Figure Middle West USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2027
-
Table Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Table Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2016
-
Figure Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2021
-
Figure Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by Types in 2027
-
Table Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption by End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Table Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users from 2016 to 2027
-
Figure Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2016
-
Figure Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2021
-
Figure Northeast USA Fruit Juice Packaging Consumption Share by End-Users in 2027
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Ball
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Ball
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Ball
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Ball
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Ball
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Amcor
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Amcor
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Amcor
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Amcor
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Amcor
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Can-Pack
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Can-Pack
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Can-Pack
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Can-Pack
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Can-Pack
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Stora Enso
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Stora Enso
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Stora Enso
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Stora Enso
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Stora Enso
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Ardagh Group
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Ardagh Group
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Ardagh Group
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Ardagh Group
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Ardagh Group
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Owens-Illinois
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Owens-Illinois
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Owens-Illinois
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Owens-Illinois
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Owens-Illinois
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of CCL Industries
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of CCL Industries
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of CCL Industries
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of CCL Industries
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of CCL Industries
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Plastipak Packaging
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Plastipak Packaging
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Plastipak Packaging
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Plastipak Packaging
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Plastipak Packaging
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Smurfit Kappa
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Smurfit Kappa
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Smurfit Kappa
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Smurfit Kappa
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Smurfit Kappa
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of CKS Packaging
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of CKS Packaging
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of CKS Packaging
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of CKS Packaging
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of CKS Packaging
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of International Paper
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of International Paper
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of International Paper
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of International Paper
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of International Paper
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Mondi Group
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Mondi Group
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Mondi Group
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Mondi Group
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Mondi Group
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Bemis
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Bemis
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Bemis
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Bemis
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Bemis
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of DS Smith
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of DS Smith
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of DS Smith
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of DS Smith
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of DS Smith
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Printpack
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Printpack
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Printpack
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Printpack
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Printpack
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Genpak
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Genpak
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Genpak
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Genpak
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Genpak
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Tetra Laval
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Tetra Laval
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Tetra Laval
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Tetra Laval
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Tetra Laval
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of MeadWestvaco
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of MeadWestvaco
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of MeadWestvaco
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of MeadWestvaco
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of MeadWestvaco
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Sonoco Products
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Sonoco Products
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Sonoco Products
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Sonoco Products
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Sonoco Products
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Crown Holdings
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Crown Holdings
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Crown Holdings
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Crown Holdings
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Crown Holdings
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Evergreen Packaging
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Evergreen Packaging
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Evergreen Packaging
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Evergreen Packaging
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Evergreen Packaging
-
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Silgan Holdings
-
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Silgan Holdings
-
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Silgan Holdings
-
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Silgan Holdings
-
Table Product and Service Introduction of Silgan Holdings
-
