- REPORT SUMMARY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
This report offers an overview of the market trends, drivers, and barriers with respect to the Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) market. It also provides a detailed overview of the market of different regions across Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kinki, Chugoku, Shikoku, Kyushu. The report deep analyzes type and application in Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) market. Detailed analysis of key players, along with key growth strategies adopted by Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) industry, the PEST and SWOT analysis are also included. In short, the report will provide a comprehensive view of the industry's development and features.
By Player:
Osaka Organic Chemical Industry
ExxonMobil Chemical
KH Chemicals
Nitto
Phoenix-Chem
By Type:
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
By End-User:
End-Users 1
End-Users 2
End-Users 3
By Region:
-
Hokkaido
-
Tohoku
-
Kanto
-
Chubu
-
Kinki
-
Chugoku
-
Shikoku
-
Kyushu
1 Report Overview
-
1.1 Product Definition and Scope
-
1.2 PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market
-
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 1 from 2014 to 2026
1.3.2 Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 2 from 2014 to 2026
1.3.3 Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 3 from 2014 to 2026
-
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 1 from 2014 to 2026
1.4.2 Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 2 from 2014 to 2026
1.4.3 Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 3 from 2014 to 2026
-
1.5 Market Segment by Regions
-
1.5.1 Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
1.5.2 Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
1.5.3 Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
1.5.4 Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
1.5.5 Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
1.5.6 Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
1.5.7 Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
1.5.8 Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
2 Market Trends and Competitive Landscape
-
2.1 Market Trends and Dynamics
-
2.1.1 Market Challenges and Restraints
-
2.1.2 Market Opportunities and Potentials
-
2.1.3 Mergers and Acquisitions
-
2.2 Competitive Landscape Analysis
-
2.2.1 Industrial Concentration Analysis
-
2.2.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis of the Industry
-
2.2.3 SWOT Analysis for New Entrants
3 Segmentation of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market by Types
-
3.1 Products Development Trends of Different Types
-
3.2 Commercial Products Types of Major Vendors
-
3.3 Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different Types
-
3.4 Market Size of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) by Major Types
3.4.1 Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 1
3.4.2 Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 2
3.4.3 Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 3
4 Segmentation of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market by End-Users
-
4.1 Downstream Client Analysis by End-Users
-
4.2 Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different End-Users
-
4.3 Market Potential Analysis of Different End-Users
-
4.4 Market Size of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) by Major End-Users
4.4.1 Market Size and Growth Rate of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) in Application 1
4.4.2 Market Size and Growth Rate of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) in Application 2
4.4.3 Market Size and Growth Rate of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) in Application 3
5 Market Analysis by Regions
-
5.1 Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Production Analysis by Regions
-
5.2 Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Analysis by Regions
6 Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis
-
6.1 Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
6.2 Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
7 Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis
-
7.1 Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
7.2 Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
8 Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis
-
8.1 Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
8.2 Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
9 Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis
-
9.1 Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
9.2 Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
10 Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis
-
10.1 Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
10.2 Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
11 Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis
-
11.1 Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
11.2 Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
12 Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis
-
12.1 Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
12.2 Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
13 Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis
-
13.1 Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major Types
-
13.2 Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users
14 Major Players Profiles
14.1 Osaka Organic Chemical Industry
14.1.1 Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Company Profile and Recent Development
14.1.2 Market Performance
14.1.3 Product and Service Introduction
14.2 ExxonMobil Chemical
14.2.1 ExxonMobil Chemical Company Profile and Recent Development
14.2.2 Market Performance
14.2.3 Product and Service Introduction
14.3 KH Chemicals
14.3.1 KH Chemicals Company Profile and Recent Development
14.3.2 Market Performance
14.3.3 Product and Service Introduction
14.4 Nitto
14.4.1 Nitto Company Profile and Recent Development
14.4.2 Market Performance
14.4.3 Product and Service Introduction
14.5 Phoenix-Chem
14.5.1 Phoenix-Chem Company Profile and Recent Development
14.5.2 Market Performance
14.5.3 Product and Service Introduction
The List of Tables and Figures (Totals 127 Figures and 154 Tables)
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 1 from 2014 to 2026
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 2 from 2014 to 2026
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 3 from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Market Share by Type in 2014
-
Figure Market Share by Type in 2018
-
Figure Market Share by Type in 2026
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 1 from 2014 to 2026
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 2 from 2014 to 2026
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 3 from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Market Share by End-User in 2014
-
Figure Market Share by End-User in 2018
-
Figure Market Share by End-User in 2026
-
Figure Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Development Trends and Industry Dynamics of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Industry
-
Figure Market Challenges and Restraints
-
Figure Market Opportunities and Potentials
-
Table Mergers and Acquisition
-
Figure Market Share of TOP 3 Players in 2018
-
Figure Market Share of TOP 5 Players in 2018
-
Figure Market Share of TOP 6 Players from 2014 to 2019
-
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
-
Figure New Entrant SWOT Analysis
-
Table Specifications of Different Types of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9)
-
Figure Development Trends of Different Types
-
Table Commercial Products Types of Major Vendors
-
Figure Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different Types
-
Table Consumption of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) by Different Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Consumption Share of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) by Different Types from 2014 to 2026
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 1
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 2
Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Type 3
-
Table Downstream Client Analysis by End-Users
-
Figure Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different End-Users
-
Table Market Potential Analysis of Different End-Users
-
Table Consumption of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) by Different End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Consumption Share of Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) by Different End-Users from 2014 to 2026
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 1 from 2014 to 2026
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 2 from 2014 to 2026
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Market Size and Growth Rate of Application 3 from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Production by Regions
-
Table Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Production Share by Regions
-
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Production Share by Regions in 2014
-
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Production Share by Regions in 2018
-
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Production Share by Regions in 2026
-
Table Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Regions
-
Table Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Regions
-
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Regions in 2014
-
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Regions in 2018
-
Figure Japan Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Regions in 2026
-
Table Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2014
-
Figure Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2018
-
Figure Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2026
-
Table Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014
-
Figure Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018
-
Figure Hokkaido Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026
-
Table Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2014
-
Figure Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2018
-
Figure Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2026
-
Table Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014
-
Figure Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018
-
Figure Tohoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026
-
Table Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2014
-
Figure Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2018
-
Figure Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2026
-
Table Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014
-
Figure Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018
-
Figure Kanto Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026
-
Table Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2014
-
Figure Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2018
-
Figure Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2026
-
Table Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014
-
Figure Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018
-
Figure Chubu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026
-
Table Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2014
-
Figure Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2018
-
Figure Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2026
-
Table Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014
-
Figure Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018
-
Figure Kinki Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026
-
Table Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2014
-
Figure Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2018
-
Figure Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2026
-
Table Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014
-
Figure Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018
-
Figure Chugoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026
-
Table Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2014
-
Figure Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2018
-
Figure Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2026
-
Table Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014
-
Figure Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018
-
Figure Shikoku Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026
-
Table Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2014
-
Figure Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2018
-
Figure Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by Types in 2026
-
Table Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Table Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026
-
Figure Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014
-
Figure Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018
-
Figure Kyushu Isononyl Acrylate (Cas 51952-49-9) Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Osaka Organic Chemical Industry
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Osaka Organic Chemical Industry
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Osaka Organic Chemical Industry
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Osaka Organic Chemical Industry
Table Product and Service Introduction of Osaka Organic Chemical Industry
Table Company Profile and Development Status of ExxonMobil Chemical
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of ExxonMobil Chemical
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of ExxonMobil Chemical
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of ExxonMobil Chemical
Table Product and Service Introduction of ExxonMobil Chemical
Table Company Profile and Development Status of KH Chemicals
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of KH Chemicals
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of KH Chemicals
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of KH Chemicals
Table Product and Service Introduction of KH Chemicals
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Nitto
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Nitto
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Nitto
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Nitto
Table Product and Service Introduction of Nitto
Table Company Profile and Development Status of Phoenix-Chem
Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Phoenix-Chem
Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Phoenix-Chem
Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Phoenix-Chem
Table Product and Service Introduction of Phoenix-Chem
-