Japan Mobile Device Security Market Professional Research Report 2014-2026, Segmented by Players, Types, End-Users in Major Region

  • REPORT SUMMARY
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • This report offers an overview of the market trends, drivers, and barriers with respect to the Japan Mobile Device Security market. It also provides a detailed overview of the market of different regions across Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kinki, Chugoku, Shikoku, Kyushu. The report deep analyzes type and application in Japan Mobile Device Security market. Detailed analysis of key players, along with key growth strategies adopted by Mobile Device Security industry, the PEST and SWOT analysis are also included. In short, the report will provide a comprehensive view of the industry's development and features.


    By Player:

    • Norton

    • Cisco

    • Airwatch

    • Symantec

    • VMWare

    • BlackBerry

    • TrendMicro

    • ZoneAlarm

    • Webroot

    • Sophos

    • TrustGo

    • McAfee

    • AT&T


    By Type:

    • Integrated App

    • Standalone App


    By End-User:

    • Government

    • BFSI

    • Retail & Consumer Goods

    • Telecommunication

    • Manufacturing

    • Others


    By Region:

    • Hokkaido

    • Tohoku

    • Kanto

    • Chubu

    • Kinki

    • Chugoku

    • Shikoku

    • Kyushu

  • 1 Report Overview

    • 1.1 Product Definition and Scope

    • 1.2 PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis of Mobile Device Security Market

    • 1.3 Market Segment by Type

      • 1.3.1 Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Integrated App from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.3.2 Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Standalone App from 2014 to 2026

    • 1.4 Market Segment by Application

      • 1.4.1 Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Government from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.4.2 Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of BFSI from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.4.3 Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Retail & Consumer Goods from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.4.4 Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Telecommunication from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.4.5 Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Manufacturing from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.4.6 Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Others from 2014 to 2026

    • 1.5 Market Segment by Regions

      • 1.5.1 Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.5.2 Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.5.3 Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.5.4 Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.5.5 Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.5.6 Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.5.7 Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

      • 1.5.8 Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026


    2 Market Trends and Competitive Landscape

    • 2.1 Market Trends and Dynamics

      • 2.1.1 Market Challenges and Restraints

      • 2.1.2 Market Opportunities and Potentials

      • 2.1.3 Mergers and Acquisitions

    • 2.2 Competitive Landscape Analysis

      • 2.2.1 Industrial Concentration Analysis

      • 2.2.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis of the Industry

      • 2.2.3 SWOT Analysis for New Entrants


    3 Segmentation of Mobile Device Security Market by Types

    • 3.1 Products Development Trends of Different Types

    • 3.2 Commercial Products Types of Major Vendors

    • 3.3 Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different Types

    • 3.4 Market Size of Mobile Device Security by Major Types

      • 3.4.1 Market Size and Growth Rate of Integrated App

      • 3.4.2 Market Size and Growth Rate of Standalone App


    4 Segmentation of Mobile Device Security Market by End-Users

    • 4.1 Downstream Client Analysis by End-Users

    • 4.2 Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different End-Users

    • 4.3 Market Potential Analysis of Different End-Users

    • 4.4 Market Size of Mobile Device Security by Major End-Users

      • 4.4.1 Market Size and Growth Rate of Mobile Device Security in Government

      • 4.4.2 Market Size and Growth Rate of Mobile Device Security in BFSI

      • 4.4.3 Market Size and Growth Rate of Mobile Device Security in Retail & Consumer Goods

      • 4.4.4 Market Size and Growth Rate of Mobile Device Security in Telecommunication

      • 4.4.5 Market Size and Growth Rate of Mobile Device Security in Manufacturing

      • 4.4.6 Market Size and Growth Rate of Mobile Device Security in Others


    5 Market Analysis by Regions

    • 5.1 Japan Mobile Device Security Production Analysis by Regions

    • 5.2 Japan Mobile Device Security Consumption Analysis by Regions


    6 Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis

    • 6.1 Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major Types

    • 6.2 Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users


    7 Tohoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis

    • 7.1 Tohoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major Types

    • 7.2 Tohoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users


    8 Kanto Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis

    • 8.1 Kanto Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major Types

    • 8.2 Kanto Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users


    9 Chubu Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis

    • 9.1 Chubu Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major Types

    • 9.2 Chubu Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users


    10 Kinki Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis

    • 10.1 Kinki Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major Types

    • 10.2 Kinki Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users


    11 Chugoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis

    • 11.1 Chugoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major Types

    • 11.2 Chugoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users


    12 Shikoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis

    • 12.1 Shikoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major Types

    • 12.2 Shikoku Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users


    13 Kyushu Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis

    • 13.1 Kyushu Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major Types

    • 13.2 Kyushu Mobile Device Security Landscape Analysis by Major End-Users


    14 Major Players Profiles

    • 14.1 Norton

      • 14.1.1 Norton Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.1.2 Market Performance

      • 14.1.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.2 Cisco

      • 14.2.1 Cisco Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.2.2 Market Performance

      • 14.2.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.3 Airwatch

      • 14.3.1 Airwatch Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.3.2 Market Performance

      • 14.3.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.4 Symantec

      • 14.4.1 Symantec Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.4.2 Market Performance

      • 14.4.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.5 VMWare

      • 14.5.1 VMWare Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.5.2 Market Performance

      • 14.5.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.6 BlackBerry

      • 14.6.1 BlackBerry Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.6.2 Market Performance

      • 14.6.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.7 TrendMicro

      • 14.7.1 TrendMicro Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.7.2 Market Performance

      • 14.7.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.8 ZoneAlarm

      • 14.8.1 ZoneAlarm Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.8.2 Market Performance

      • 14.8.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.9 Webroot

      • 14.9.1 Webroot Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.9.2 Market Performance

      • 14.9.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.10 Sophos

      • 14.10.1 Sophos Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.10.2 Market Performance

      • 14.10.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.11 TrustGo

      • 14.11.1 TrustGo Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.11.2 Market Performance

      • 14.11.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.12 McAfee

      • 14.12.1 McAfee Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.12.2 Market Performance

      • 14.12.3 Product and Service Introduction

    • 14.13 AT&T

      • 14.13.1 AT&T Company Profile and Recent Development

      • 14.13.2 Market Performance

      • 14.13.3 Product and Service Introduction

     

    The List of Tables and Figures (Totals 132 Figures and 140 Tables)

     

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Integrated App from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Standalone App from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Market Share by Type in 2014

    • Figure Market Share by Type in 2018

    • Figure Market Share by Type in 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Government from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of BFSI from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Retail & Consumer Goods from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Telecommunication from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Manufacturing from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Others from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Market Share by End-User in 2014

    • Figure Market Share by End-User in 2018

    • Figure Market Share by End-User in 2026

    • Figure Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Market Size and Growth Rate from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Development Trends and Industry Dynamics of Mobile Device Security Industry

    • Figure Market Challenges and Restraints

    • Figure Market Opportunities and Potentials

    • Table Mergers and Acquisition

    • Figure Market Share of TOP 3 Players in 2018

    • Figure Market Share of TOP 5 Players in 2018

    • Figure Market Share of TOP 6 Players from 2014 to 2019

    • Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis

    • Figure New Entrant SWOT Analysis

    • Table Specifications of Different Types of Mobile Device Security

    • Figure Development Trends of Different Types

    • Table Commercial Products Types of Major Vendors

    • Figure Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different Types

    • Table Consumption of Mobile Device Security by Different Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Consumption Share of Mobile Device Security by Different Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Integrated App

    • Figure Market Size and Growth Rate of Standalone App

    • Table Downstream Client Analysis by End-Users

    • Figure Competitive Landscape Analysis of Different End-Users

    • Table Market Potential Analysis of Different End-Users

    • Table Consumption of Mobile Device Security by Different End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Consumption Share of Mobile Device Security by Different End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Government from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of BFSI from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Retail & Consumer Goods from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Telecommunication from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Manufacturing from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Market Size and Growth Rate of Others from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Japan Mobile Device Security Production by Regions

    • Table Japan Mobile Device Security Production Share by Regions

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Production Share by Regions in 2014

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Production Share by Regions in 2018

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Production Share by Regions in 2026

    • Table Japan Mobile Device Security Consumption by Regions

    • Table Japan Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Regions

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Regions in 2014

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Regions in 2018

    • Figure Japan Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Regions in 2026

    • Table Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2014

    • Figure Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2018

    • Figure Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2026

    • Table Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014

    • Figure Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018

    • Figure Hokkaido Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026

    • Table Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2014

    • Figure Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2018

    • Figure Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2026

    • Table Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014

    • Figure Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018

    • Figure Tohoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026

    • Table Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2014

    • Figure Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2018

    • Figure Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2026

    • Table Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014

    • Figure Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018

    • Figure Kanto Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026

    • Table Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2014

    • Figure Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2018

    • Figure Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2026

    • Table Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014

    • Figure Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018

    • Figure Chubu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026

    • Table Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2014

    • Figure Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2018

    • Figure Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2026

    • Table Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014

    • Figure Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018

    • Figure Kinki Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026

    • Table Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2014

    • Figure Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2018

    • Figure Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2026

    • Table Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014

    • Figure Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018

    • Figure Chugoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026

    • Table Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2014

    • Figure Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2018

    • Figure Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2026

    • Table Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014

    • Figure Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018

    • Figure Shikoku Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026

    • Table Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2014

    • Figure Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2018

    • Figure Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by Types in 2026

    • Table Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Table Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users from 2014 to 2026

    • Figure Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2014

    • Figure Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2018

    • Figure Kyushu Mobile Device Security Consumption Share by End-Users in 2026

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of Norton

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Norton

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Norton

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Norton

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of Norton

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of Cisco

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Cisco

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Cisco

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Cisco

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of Cisco

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of Airwatch

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Airwatch

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Airwatch

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Airwatch

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of Airwatch

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of Symantec

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Symantec

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Symantec

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Symantec

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of Symantec

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of VMWare

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of VMWare

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of VMWare

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of VMWare

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of VMWare

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of BlackBerry

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of BlackBerry

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of BlackBerry

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of BlackBerry

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of BlackBerry

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of TrendMicro

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of TrendMicro

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of TrendMicro

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of TrendMicro

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of TrendMicro

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of ZoneAlarm

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of ZoneAlarm

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of ZoneAlarm

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of ZoneAlarm

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of ZoneAlarm

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of Webroot

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Webroot

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Webroot

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Webroot

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of Webroot

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of Sophos

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of Sophos

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of Sophos

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of Sophos

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of Sophos

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of TrustGo

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of TrustGo

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of TrustGo

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of TrustGo

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of TrustGo

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of McAfee

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of McAfee

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of McAfee

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of McAfee

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of McAfee

    • Table Company Profile and Development Status of AT&T

    • Table Sales, Revenue, Sales Price and Gross Margin Analysis of AT&T

    • Figure Sales and Growth Rate Analysis of AT&T

    • Figure Revenue and Market Share Analysis of AT&T

    • Table Product and Service Introduction of AT&T

Report Version Choose

Report

BUY NOW

Our Customers

Beyond grateful for the confidence and support from all partners and customers.A win-win situation is our ultimate pursuit.

Beyond Consulting, Future is Feasible

We provide more professional and intelligent market reports to complement your business decisions.