A thrombus is a small piece of blood that forms on the inner surface of the blood vessels in the cardiovascular system. Once this small piece falls off, it will flow with the blood and squeeze the internal space of the blood vessel, which may cause partial or complete blockage of the blood vessel, leading to blood embolic diseases, seriously affecting the normal activities of human tissues or organs, and posing a great threat to the human body. When vascular endothelial cells are damaged by internal and external influences, thromboplastin in the blood increases, and the anticoagulant material prostacyclin decreases, which easily induces thrombosis. The types of antithrombotic drugs are mainly divided into anticoagulant drugs, antiplatelet aggregation drugs and thrombolytic drugs. Anticoagulant drugs prolong the time of thrombosis by interfering with coagulation factors; antiplatelet drugs can inhibit platelet aggregation to form thrombosis; thrombolytic drugs are mainly used for emergency thrombolytic treatment of early thromboembolic diseases. Among these three different drugs, anticoagulant drugs and antiplatelet aggregation drugs are expected to become mainstream products in the antithrombotic drug market.
In recent years, the anticoagulant drug market has developed rapidly. Data show that the global anticoagulant drug market was only 7.3 billion US dollars in 2010, and by 2015, the global anticoagulant drug market reached 11.85 billion US dollars, an increase of 62.3%. Also in China, the anticoagulant market has maintained a steady growth trend, and the compound annual growth rate in recent years has been maintained at a relatively high level. Among them, the three most popular drugs are rivaroxaban, low molecular weight heparin calcium and enoxaparin, which account for 18.7%, 17.1%, and 17.1% respectively.
The Number of Patients with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Continues to Grow
At this stage, the death toll caused by cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases accounts for almost a quarter of the total deaths in the world every year, which has become a major threat to human health. The number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is increasing every year, attracting the attention of various social capitals and laying out the track one after another, and the antithrombotic drug market is expanding.
Among the many types of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, thrombotic diseases are one of the main representatives, with the characteristics of high morbidity, high recurrence, high disability, and high mortality. In addition to thrombotic diseases, many other diseases related to thrombosis, especially myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, which are the main causes of embolism and infarction, are the main causes of death of residents the reason. With the increasing aging of the Chinese population and the acceleration of the process of urbanization, the risk factors of residents suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have gradually increased, and the proportion and number of the diseased population have increased rapidly.
Recent data show that the number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China has reached 330 million. Cardiovascular death is the main cause of death for urban and rural residents. Among them, the death rate due to cardiovascular disease in rural areas has exceeded the mortality rate in 2009. The number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease in China exceeds 1 million every year, and more than 75% of the surviving patients of the disease have varying degrees of disability. In the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, although domestic achievements have been made, it still faces severe challenges. The prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases continue to rise. It is foreseeable that the demand for anti-thrombotic drugs in the global market will continue to increase in the future.
Increase in the Number of PCI Operations
In order to improve the early clinical prognosis and prevent complications in the interventional treatment area, percutaneous coronary intervention is referred to as PCI surgery before, during and after the operation. Anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs are required for targeted antithrombotic therapy. After PCI surgery, patients need long-term antiplatelet therapy. At present, there are 330 million patients with cardiovascular diseases in China, and the number of PCI operations in China has increased from 230,000 in 2009 to 1 million in 2019, with an annual growth rate of 10%-20%. The increase in the number of PCI operations has promoted the growth in the demand for antithrombotic drugs related to surgery, which has also become one of the key reasons for the rapid growth of the antithrombotic drug market.
The Concept of Anticoagulation in China Gradually Spread
Compared with the global market, the Chinese anticoagulant market is still at a relatively low level. Because domestic imitations of major anticoagulant drugs have not yet been formed, the penetration cost of the products is relatively high, so the market has not fully increased the volume; in addition, the concept of anticoagulation is more advanced in developed countries to popularize. In China, the concept of anticoagulation has not yet been popularized, and it is difficult for hospitals below tertiary hospitals to achieve the double-antibody therapy. The overall anticoagulation level of China and developed countries is far different.
However, the drug transaction data of Chinese hospitals in the past five years shows that the proportion of anticoagulant drugs is increasing steadily. As the concept of anticoagulation continues to spread among Chinese residents, the structure of antithrombotic drugs in China is gradually moving closer to the global market, becoming a new growth point for the antithrombotic drug industry. It is expected that China's anticoagulant drug market is expected to achieve rapid growth in the medium and long term.
Affected by many aspects such as limited patent protection period and related policies, a large number of industry participants have appeared in the antithrombotic drug market in China. The market competition is fierce, and most of the participants seize the low-end market through generic drugs, while large international pharmaceutical companies continue to maintain advantages in critical care and high-end customer groups. In the field of original drug research, there is a certain gap between the performance of local antithrombotic drug companies and international pharmaceutical companies, and there is still a lot of room for development.
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