Main railway electric locomotives, industrial and mining electric locomotives, electric drive diesel locomotives and various electric vehicles, such as battery cars, urban trams, underground railway electric vehicles, are used for traction motors called traction motors. The traction motor is the main motor that drives the wheel shaft of the rolling stock. Although its basic characteristics are roughly the same as those of ordinary motors of the same type, the traction motor has a harsh working environment. It is usually installed under the car body and is directly affected by rain, snow, dust, etc. The installation position makes the external dimensions of the design restricted. The axial dimension is restricted by the gauge, and the radial dimension is restricted by the diameter of the moving wheel. Therefore, the production requirements are higher in terms of design parameters and structural forms.
Market Status and Prospect Forecast of Railway Traction Motor Industry in Various Regions of the World
Western developed countries entered the age of industrialization earlier, and the start of railway infrastructure was much earlier than other countries. Due to the longer development time, the railway system has a better foundation, and demand growth has slowed down. With the rapid economic development, the prosperity and development of a series of emerging economies such as China and India, the urban population density is getting higher and higher in the process of urbanization, and the national infrastructure needs the construction of new railway lines and the existing railway system. Speed-up updates have promoted the development of the railway traction motor industry in the Asia-Pacific region. Data shows that in 2019, China has laid 8489 kilometers of new railway lines, of which 5474 kilometers are high-speed railways. As of 2019, the market share of the railway traction motor industry in the Asia-Pacific region is 50.06%, ranking first; Europe's share of the World Bank is 29.11%, ranking second; relatively speaking, the relatively backward Middle East and Asia have a market share of only 4.39%, but for these backward regions, With economic development, there is always a large room for market growth.
At the same time, the rapid increase in the use of motor vehicles has led to a series of social problems such as traffic congestion in large and medium-sized cities, overload of atmospheric environmental capacity, and contradiction between combustion supply and demand. These factors have prompted the subway to rely on its characteristics such as high efficiency, low pollution, and large volume. It has gradually become one of the main means of transportation for people to travel in urban development, and it has also sprung up in various megacities.
Western developed countries took the lead in the research, design, construction and operation of urban subway transportation systems. The domestic subway construction started later than the developed countries in the western world. Developed countries in Europe, America and Asia have successively entered the peak period of urban rail transit construction since the 1970s. In the past 10 years, about 1,600 km of urban rail transit lines have been built around the world, with an average of 160 km per year. The strong demands of these downstream markets are all stimulating the development of the traction motor industry. As of 2015, the railway traction motor market capacity has reached 1.65 billion US dollars, but the transportation industry has developed so far, with a large number of products, people have more choices for travel, and demand growth has slowed. By 2019, the overall market value of the railway traction motor industry It was down to 1.36 billion U.S. dollars.
Traction motors used in modern railway systems mainly include DC traction motors, AC traction motors, and permanent magnet synchronous motors. Traction motors are used most in multi-power units and high-speed trains. With the increasing maturity of AC variable frequency speed regulation technology, it is possible to carry out smooth and reliable stepless speed regulation of AC traction motors. The speed regulation range can reach 1:1000, which is larger than the DC speed regulation range, especially without DC motor commutation. The existence of the DC motor overcomes many disadvantages of the DC motor. Compared with the DC motor, the AC traction motor has a simple and reliable structure, small size, and light weight. It is more suitable for the requirements of the vehicle on the installation space and weight of the motor. AC traction motor has many advantages, such as high power, strong overload capacity, low noise, wide speed range, huge regenerative braking force, prevention of wheel slip, high reliability, convenient maintenance, stable and comfortable, and 20-30% power saving. It has become the first choice for the drive motor of modern urban rail transit traction locomotives. As of 2019, the market share of AC traction motors was 69.53%, the market share of DC traction motors was 18.65%, and the market share of permanent magnet synchronous motors was 11.82%.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Railway Traction Motor Industry
In the future, the continuous development of subways and high-speed railways, coupled with the growth of trade, will continue to increase the demand for transportation in logistics and transportation. Compared with road transportation, railway transportation is more stable, and there is basically no traffic jam problem, with better timeliness and higher efficiency. Compared with road transportation, railway transportation consumes less energy and is more in line with the contemporary requirements of environmental protection and energy conservation. In the next few years, the railway traction market is expected to achieve steady growth. However, considering the current situation of the market, the growth rate of market demand has slowed down, the sales income of major companies has been declining, and the profit level has stagnated or declined. In addition, the epidemic has brought a greater impact on the production and manufacturing industries of all countries, and it may be in the future. This has led to a series of economic chain reactions, market risks have further increased, and investment is not suitable for large-scale intervention.
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