Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is produced by the metabolism of phenacetin in the body. Its inhibitory effect on central nervous system prostaglandin synthesis is similar to aspirin, but its inhibitory effect on peripheral prostaglandin synthesis is weak, so it has a strong antipyretic and analgesic effect. The anti-rheumatic effect is weak, and it has no effect on the platelet coagulation mechanism. Oral absorption is rapid and complete, and it is evenly distributed in body fluids. Most of the metabolites are metabolized in the liver. The intermediate metabolites are toxic to the liver and are excreted in the form of glucuronic acid conjugates or from the kidneys. Acetaminophen is a very commonly used antipyretic and analgesic. It can be used for colds, fever, joint pain, neuralgia and migraine, cancer pain and postoperative pain. Many antipyretics contain acetaminophen.
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Market Status and Prospect Forecast of the Acetaminophen Industry in India
Acetaminophen mainly acts on the nerve center by inhibiting the hypothalamus regulating center and prostaglandin synthetase, and by regulating nerve regulation, it causes peripheral blood vessels to dilate and sweat to achieve antipyretic effect. Its inhibitory effect on central nervous system prostaglandin synthesis is similar to aspirin, but its anti-inflammatory effect is relatively weak. It has no effect on platelets and coagulation mechanism. The main effect is used for cold, fever, joint pain, neuralgia, migraine, cancer pain, and pain relief after surgery. This medicine can also be used for patients who are allergic to aspirin and cannot tolerate or adapt to aspirin. Acetaminophen can be given. The dosage forms currently on the market are usually tablets, suppositories and oral solutions. As of 2019, the market share of acetaminophen tablets was 61.52%, ranking first; the market share of acetaminophen suppositories was 32.24%, ranking second; the market share of acetaminophen oral solution It was 6.24%, ranking third.
India has become the world's pharmacy. At present, India is already the world's largest exporter of generic drugs and has a vast market in the third world. India is the country with the largest gap between the rich and the poor in the world. The extremely poor population ranks first in the world. Under the monopoly of Western pharmaceuticals, many Indians cannot afford medicines. The huge domestic demand for cheap and generic drugs continues to drive India. The development of the pharmaceutical industry, coupled with the government's intentional support, has now become one of the pillars of the Indian economy. As a part of the entire pharmaceutical industry, the development of the paracetamol industry is also promising. As of 2019, the market value of the paracetamol industry has reached 17 billion U.S. dollars. During the epidemic, it has shown explosive growth. The market value nearly doubled in 2020 .
China is the world's largest producer and exporter of acetaminophen, while India is the first importer of this product. In 2020, China’s total export of acetaminophen is about 40,335 tons, of which 31,051 tons are exported to India. Due to the scarcity of raw materials for the production of acetaminophen in the country, the Indian acetaminophen industry is highly dependent on China, even though India purchases acetaminophen from China. The total amount of aminophenol is huge, but there are no more than 30 purchasing companies, and the industry concentration is relatively high.
Among them, Granules India Limited specializes in the production of pharmaceutical preparations and provides one-stop preparation services for pharmaceutical companies. From the production of several strategic APIs to multiple pharmaceutical formulation intermediates, to finished-dose tablets and capsules, the company will be in the whole year of 20202. Purchased 13,532 tons of acetaminophen, accounting for 47.36% of India's total purchases. Sri Krishna Pharmaceuticals was established in 1974 and is headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. It specializes in the mass production of defense drugs. From raw materials to tableted granules to finished formulations, it has a complete industrial chain and production line. The annual purchase of paracetamol is 7,406 tons, accounting for 25.92% of the total purchases in India. These industry giants largely determine the regional distribution of the Indian acetaminophen industry market share. As of 2019, Uttar Pradesh has a market share of 17.39%, ranking first; Maharashtra has a market share of 9.32%, ranking second; West Bengal has a market share of 6.09%, ranking first Ranked third.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Acetaminophen Industry in India
2020 is a big year for the paracetamol industry in India, with a total market value of 32.35 billion U.S. dollars, which has nearly doubled its market value compared to 2019. As of December 2021, the cumulative number of confirmed cases worldwide has reached 2.6 billion. One of the symptoms of people infected with new coronary pneumonia is fever. This makes acetaminophen as an antipyretic and analgesic drug an indispensable adjuvant therapy. During the epidemic, the market demand for acetaminophen was extremely large, which caused the price of acetaminophen to rise all the way. By the end of 2020, it had exceeded US$4/kg. However, due to the impact of the epidemic, the shutdown of factories caused long-term supply of acetaminophen globally. .
Since March 2020, the Indian government has repeatedly restricted the export of acetaminophen preparations. However, in Europe and the United States, 26% and 24% of generic drugs are imported from India. This move in India is bound to cause drug prices to rise. At present, the global epidemic is slowly recovering amid constant fluctuations and repetitions, but it is still not completely controlled. The emergence of mutant strains has forced countries around the world to prepare for long-term coexistence with the new crown pneumonia virus. In the future, the market value of acetaminophen in 2021 will have a greater decline compared to 2020, but it will still maintain a good development trend.
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