E-commerce usually refers to buyers and sellers，under the open network environment of the Internet，conduct various business activities without meeting each other in a wide range of commercial trade activities around the world. It is a new business operation model that helps realize online shopping, online transactions between merchants and online electronic payment and a variety of business activities, trading activities, financial activities and related comprehensive service activities. Governments, scholars and business people of various countries have given many different definitions according to their position and different angles and degrees of participation in e-commerce. It is a business activity centered on commodity exchange by means of information network technology. It can also be understood as trading activities and related services on Internet, Intranet and VAN (Value Added Network) in the form of electronic transactions, which is the electronization, networking and informatization of all links of traditional business activities.
Although
e-commerce has different definitions in different countries or different
fields, its key point is still a business model that relies on electronic
equipment and network technology. With the rapid development of e-commerce, it
has not only included the main connotation of shopping, but also included
logistics and other ancillary services. E-commerce includes electronic money
exchange, supply chain management, electronic trading marketplaces, Internet
marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI),
inventory management and automated data collection systems. Information technologies
used in this process include the Internet, extranets, E-mail, databases,
electronic directories and mobile phones.
E-commerce
includes ABC, B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M, M2C, B2A (B2G), C2A (C2G), O2O and other
business models. Among them, the most common are B2B, B2C and C2C. B2B refers
to business-to-business , B2C means business-to-customer and C2C refers to customer-to-customer.
In 2020, the market share of these three business models in the global e-commerce
industry was 26.14%, 40.27% and 24.93% respectively, while the market share of
other business models was small.
Research
data show that the Asia-Pacific region is the largest revenue market for the
global e-commerce industry. In 2015, the total market revenue of e-commerce
industry in the Asia-Pacific region was $550.49 billion, accounting for 38.18%
of the market. After that, the market revenue and share continue to rise. In 2020,
the region accounted for 41.71% of the global market share, and the market
revenue was $1193.00 billion. North America ranked second with $920.87 billion
and a market share of 32.19%. In addition, the data show that the market share
of the Asia-Pacific region in the industry will continue to rise slowly during
the forecast period, and is expected to grow to 43.27% by 2025.
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According
to our research, the total market value of the global e-commerce industry was $1441.72
billion in 2015. During the period from 2015 to 2020, the industry developed
rapidly, and even during the epidemic period, the development of the industry
was relatively stable and did not suffer too much negative impact. In 2020, the
industry market value grew to $2860.40 billion. Based on this, we conducted a
series of function calculations and derived the data of the next five years
with scientific model. Finally, it is predicted that by 2025, the total market
value of the global e-commerce industry will reach $5911.28 billion.
The Impact of the Epidemic on Global E-commerce Industry
and its Future Development Trend
Due
to the unique nature of the epidemic, the demand for anti-epidemic products
such as masks and disinfectants has greatly increased. In order to prevent the
further spread of the disease, local governments have taken measures and
policies to restrict people from going out and gathering, and many supermarkets
and shops have been closed at their request. As people spend so much time at
home, the demand for essentials such as toothbrushes and tissues has increased.
Consumers cannot go out to buy epidemic prevention supplies and daily
necessities, but can only buy online, which increases the sales of online
pharmacies and grocery stores, promoting the development of e-commerce in
pharmacies and grocery stores, and thus promotes the development of the entire
e-commerce industry as well.
In
addition, governments around the world have introduced policies to restrict
traffic. Travel must be minimized and congregations avoided to reduce the
spread of disease. Different countries have different policies, which greatly
restricts cross-border trade. The state controls import and export products
more strictly. These measures increase the difficulty and prolong the
transportation time of goods, especially import and export products. Many modes
of transportation have been affected, and some modes of transportation have
been cancelled, resulting in the products ordered by online buyers cannot be
delivered. In this case, sellers can only change the mode of transportation and
shorten the transportation time as much as possible. For example, some sellers
change railway transportation to air transportation. The price of air
transportation is about 4-5 times higher than that of railway transportation,
which increases the cost of cargo transportation and leads sellers to raise the
price of goods, thus reducing customer demand and ultimately affecting sales
and the development of the entire e-commerce industry.
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