Grinding is a unit operation that converts solid materials into smaller particles. In order to grind different substances, humans will use various grinding machines. In the production of ultrafine grinding, media mills such as ball mills, stirring mills, vibration mills, centrifugal planetary mills and other grinding machines are widely used. The energy carrier that crushes the material is called the grinding medium due to its impact and grinding force. Since the mixer mainly transfers energy to the grinding media ball through the agitator in the center of the grinding cavity to crush the material, the crushing effect depends on the energy conversion utilization rate of the grinding media ball and the energy consumption in the grinding cavity. Therefore, the preparation of grinding media balls with high density, high hardness, and low abrasion value has become the key.
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In the actual production and grinding process, we should first pay attention to whether the chemical composition of the grinding medium will chemically react with the grinding material to avoid contamination of the material. For example, in the grinding of pesticides, medicines and biochemicals, heavy metals are considered elements of concern, and media containing heavy metals cannot be used. Secondly, when grinding superhard materials such as silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc., it is necessary to consider using the same dielectric grinding ball as much as possible. According to some physical properties (hardness, density, abrasion resistance) determined by the chemical composition of the grinding medium and the pollution of the slurry by its own abrasion, choosing the right grinding medium will help improve the grinding efficiency and product in the ultra-fine grinding process. Quality, reduce overall cost.
Global Grinding Media Industry Status Analysis and Prospect Forecast
Grinding media are widely used in chemical, metallurgy, cement, power generation and other fields to grind and process industrial and mineral products. Grinding media determines the cost and efficiency of the grinding process and the quality of the final product. It is required in actual production. According to the specific requirements of raw materials and products, choose different grinding materials. Generally speaking, the larger the specific gravity of the medium, the stronger the grinding capacity and the higher the crushing efficiency; the smaller the size of the medium, the more the contact points of the medium ball, and the more opportunities to grind the material. Generally speaking, the smaller the feed size and the finer the product The smaller the diameter size. At present, grinding media mainly include forging grinding media and high chromium casting grinding media. As of 2020, the market share of forging grinding media is 50.05%; the market share of high chromium casting grinding media is 9.17%.
The high chromium casting grinding media has good wear resistance, high specific gravity, high grinding efficiency, and also has good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. It is low in price and can be processed into any shape according to demand. It is usually used in cement and coal mines. Ironmaking blast furnace coal powder and other large-scale industries, with the increasing demand for ball milling in various industries, the grinding media is an important part of the grinding process, so the performance of the grinding media balls also has higher requirements. More attention should be paid to the research and development of new and excellent abrasive materials based on market demand.
Take metal abrasive materials as an example. Before the 1970s, the abrasive materials were mainly low-carbon steel and cast iron materials, but because they were not heat-treated, they had low hardness and poor wear resistance, and they have basically been eliminated. After the 1970s, non-chromium alloy grinding balls appeared gradually. When the chromium content is low, the toughness is poor but the wear resistance is better, and the price is low. The high chromium grinding balls with higher cadmium content have better performance. Over the years, chromium alloy cast iron grinding balls and multi-element low alloy cast iron grinding balls have been developed successively, which have the characteristics of high hardness and toughness, and good wear resistance. The crushing rate is low, and the abrasion is significantly lower than that of ordinary forged steel balls and low-alloy cast iron balls, which are equivalent to high-chromium cast iron balls, and the production cost is lower than that of high-chromium cast iron balls. After a long period of development, the grinding media market has become quite mature, with high market integration and fierce competition. But companies are still looking for new and higher-quality abrasive materials. As of 2019, the global abrasive media industry market value reached 1.135 billion U.S. dollars. In the future, under the background of carbon neutrality, each company vigorously promotes energy conservation and emission reduction and builds a conservation-oriented society. Energy conservation and consumption reduction in the grinding process will become the focus of mining enterprises. It is expected that the fine grinding media of energy-saving ball mills will have a rapid growth.
In 1883, German FAG produced the world's first grinding ball machine. Its birth created a precedent for grinding ball and segment manufacturing. Since the 1980s, grinding ball and segment manufacturing enterprises in Western countries have gradually formed through mergers and integration. The situation where major brands thrive and have a high level of monopoly. At present, the global grinding ball and segment production enterprises are mainly distributed in Europe, America, China, Japan and other countries and regions. As the demand for grinding balls and segments in developing countries continues to expand, the market is expanding year by year at a relatively rapid rate. Most backward regions, such as Africa, basically rely on imports for high-quality grinding media. However, with the increasing demand for grinding media, the number of relevant enterprises in developing countries is on the rise as a whole, but most of them are small and medium-sized production enterprises, and the products are mainly low-to-medium grades. As of 2020, China's market share is 31.45%, ranking first; Europe's market share is 24.63%, ranking second; North America's market share is 20.67%, ranking third.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Grinding Media Industry
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020, the virus has spread to all parts of the world, spreading widely, and causing great harm to the global economy. During the epidemic, governments of various countries have introduced a series of measures such as extending holidays and delaying business operations. The flow of people reduces the occurrence of cross-infection, and many companies are unable to carry out normal production and operation. The abrasive media industry is affected by the disruption of the supply chain, and the market value in 2020 will slightly decline. However, as the global epidemic slows down and the vaccination rate of various countries increases, the abrasive media industry is on the road to recovery together with the global econ.
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