PAC is a flocculant of new concept, the specific properties of which derive from the action of its basic active constituent, namely Poly Aluminium Chloride. This is a polynuclear complex of polymerised hydro-aluminium ions, PAC is supplied in form of water solution or as powder, which facilitates the transport and storage operations and subsequent dosage of the reagent. Polyaluminum chloride has the properties of adsorption, aggregation, precipitation, etc., its stability is poor, and it is corrosive. If it is accidentally splashed on the skin, it should be rinsed with water immediately. Production personnel must wear overalls, masks, gloves, and long rubber boots. Polyaluminum chloride has the advantages of good spray drying stability, wide water area, fast hydrolysis speed, strong adsorption capacity, large alum formation, fast dense precipitation, low turbidity of effluent water, and good dehydration performance. Spray-dried products can ensure safety, reduce water accidents, and are very safe and reliable for drinking water.
According to different properties of PAC, it can be divided into PAC liquid and PAC powder. In 2019, these two types respectively covered a market share of 57.20% and 42.80%. To increase fiber and filler retention polyaluminium chloride (PAC) are used in paper making. Polyaluminium chloride (PAC), is used in deodorants and as a coagulant in water purification. This compound is preferred in some cases because of its high charge, which makes it more effective at destabilizing and removing suspended materials than other aluminium salts. Using PAC as flocculant, the speed of flocs forming and settling is quick. Flocs formed is easy to filter Comparing to aluminium sulfate flocculant, the quality of water treated with PAC is better; the total cost reduced by 15%~30%, and the solubility is better. It can be applied to water with broad pH range. Comparing to inorganic flocculants, PAC is suitable for water of broad temperature, and is functional in low temperature water. It reduces less basicity less, so less or no basifier needed. There is fewer salt in water treated with PAC, this is good for high purity water purifying and ion-exchange treatment. The corrosivity of PAC is lower, easy to transfer, handle and operate. Due to these advantages, PAC is usually applied in industrial water treatment, municipal water treatment and sewage systems. In 2019, these application fields respectively covered a market share of 25.31%，23.51%，14.37% and 22.30%.
On April 23, the Malaysian government announced the implementation of the fourth-phase movement control order. Economic growth rate of Malaysia in 2020 showed negative growth, the economic recession in Malaysia triggered by the new crown pneumonia epidemic is worse than the 2008 Malaysia financial crisis. In the short term, the entire national economic recession will directly lead to less spend on environmental protection industries such as water governance. The epidemic prevention and control measures will affect the flow of people and activities, affect the resumption of production and work, and affect logistics, making the production of manufacturing, especially labor intensive industries, affected by the supply of raw materials and labor shortages. The entire industry chain will be paralyzed. This hinders the short-term production and development of the PAC industry.
The market value of the Malaysian polyaluminium chloride industry is estimated to be 15.69 M USD in 2020, a year-on-year decrease of 2.35%. The main economic activities in Selangor are the service industry, manufacturing industry and construction industry. There are major industrial areas in the state and busiest port. Therefore, the living and industrial water demand in this area is very large. At the same time, Selangor, located on the island country, does not have sufficient fresh water resources, so the demand for water treatment is also very large, and there is a huge demand market for PAC in this area. In addition, the Selangor region provides sufficient conditions for the development of the PAC industry, such as a stable economic foundation and political environment, relatively cheap labor, and complete infrastructure, making Selangor the main and growing market in the PAC market. However, in 2020, the market value of polyaluminium chloride in the state was 4.27 M USD, with a year-on-year decrease of 1.87%. It can be seen that the outbreak of the epidemic has a great impact on the polyaluminum chloride industry.
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At the same time, there are some factors that hinder the market development. The profit margin of polyaluminum chloride, which was originally low in profit, was once again restricted by the increase in the price of the raw material calcium aluminate powder in Malaysia. The scale and profit of the polyaluminum chloride market are out of proportion. Profit is the most important factor driving production. Declining profitability will reduce the production enthusiasm of enterprises in the industry, thereby restricting the development of the entire industry. At present, most of the hundreds of polyaluminum chloride production enterprises in Malaysia are small in scale, relatively backward in production technology, simple and repetitive in production, low in management, narrow in market share, and lack of competitiveness. On the whole, the overall development level of the Malaysian polyaluminum chloride industry is still at a relatively low level. The production process and technology of production enterprises are backward, the production capacity of high-end polyaluminum chloride products is limited, and the development of product application fields is relatively slow. This has restricted the development of the Malaysian polyaluminum chloride industry. In view of the obstacles to development, if an enterprise wants to break through the siege and achieve development, it must accelerate the pace of technological update, increase productivity, strengthen brand building, form the core competitiveness of the brand to stand out in the market competition.
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